The Plastic Pink Flamingo :: Literary Analysis, Jennifer Price

Since the 1930s, plastic pink flamingos have been a trendy statement piece at hotels and in yards across the country. Jennifer Price, the author of The shaping Pink Flamingo A Natural History, uses tone, satire, and diction to show her view on United States culture. Prices view is that United States culture is flashy, cocky, and that Americans tend to try and affiliation out to get attention. The pink flamingo splashed into the fifties market, it staked (Price lines 1-2). Plastic flamingos be unable to splash like real flamingos, therefore Price is demonstrating satire. Also, the plastic flamingos are staked into the ground. Americans had been flocking to Florida (Price line 4) is humorous because the Americans flocking to the southern east coast like flamingos. The plastic pink flamingo became synonymous with wealth and pizzazz(Price line7-8). After the Great depression and the war, Americans had a lot of superbia for their country, and this was one way of showing it. This was a little ironic, since Americans had hunted flamingos to extinction in Florida (Price lines 13-14). Price may be putting spile American because Americans tend to follow the crowd and copy what everyone else is doing. The flamingo could be a metaphor of how Americans are followers and do not come up with their protest ideas. The plastic pink flamingo gave an extra fillip of hardyness (Price line 20). The flamingo was a way for Americans to stand out in the crowd and be noticed. Americans were flashy, cocky, and maybe heretofore a little bit conceited. And the Flamingo was pink- a second and commensurate claim to boldness (Price lines 30-31). American culture is very flashy and bold. By being bold and flashy, it makes Americans stand out from the crowd and be noticed. Pink was the thing to have, it showed wealth and side. The hues were forward-looking rather than old-fashioned (Price lines 36-37). The pink flamingos were a way for the Americans to show pride after World War II. T he plastic flamingos were the Americans way of coming back out after the Depression and the war. They are the symbol that marks the beginning of a new era. Even a real flamingo is brighter that anything else around it (Price lines 48-49). The Americans wanted to be recognized after the war and show their pride for their country. The flamingo was a symbol of status and power.

Americas Downward Spiral Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Americas Downward SpiralIn recent years, the economy in the United States has been in what most would examine as a recession. American people differ in the way they react to a recession. Some, such as Michael Moore, feel it becomes a downward whorl as big business and its stockholders gain more money and power, and its workers gain less money and stability. With a loss of stability for the American worker there is a fear of losing their health benefits, social security, pension plan, and most of all, their job. Moores reaction to this big business take over was to do several documentaries, Roger and Me, Pets or Meat The Return to Flint, and The Big One. Along with Moores reaction to this recession there were several authors who printed pieces describing things such as downward mobility, wilding, starvation, poverty, and homelessness. In Moores documentaries he targeted big tycoons such as Roger Smith of GM, Phil Knight of Nike, and companies like Johnson Controls. All of these com panies have something in common, greed and money He turn over up the facts on all of th...

Apartment Sale Proposal :: essays research papers

VINTAGE REALTY GROUP Subject A One Bedroom Apartment Unit at the Bay Garden similarityDear Mr. The 1311 apartment unit offers a breathtaking view on the Bay and the city skyline. It has been fully renovated, also with careful details that enhance its inhering beauty. You can name this apartment unit beautiful. You might consider it convenient, or even call it relaxing. But most importantly, we believe this is the place you can call home. The entire living room area overlooks the Bay and exclusive Star Island with magnificent sunsets and cruise ships at a distance. Wall-to-wall white Italian marble floors convey to its beauty. A remarkable bathroom features Calcutta gold marble floors and high quality Kohler fixtures. A full kitchen provides you with views of the Bay and a cute dinning area. Practical and convenient stump spud bed that folds into the wall can accommodate extra visitors or a growing family. Two air conditioning units keep each room at the optimum temperature. Add ed inner railing that blend with the window frames can accommodate a inch thick sheet of plywood and provide extra shield and peace of mind in case of any weather disturbances.Bay Garden is a 14-story building at 1450 Bay Road, Miami Beach, located just a few blocks from Lincoln Road, with its classy shops and gourmet restaurants. Building includes a aforementioned(prenominal) floor laundry room, easy access parking, beautiful swimming pool skirt by palm trees and a fabulous Art Deco district location in South Beach. You will be close to the action and the fun. However, at the same time you will enjoy endless hours of peace and quiet by the Bay. Everything is at a walking distance including Regal Cinemas Theater complex, legendary maritime Drive, the beach, and South Shore Hospital. Priced to sell at $93, 000, the unit is built to last more than a

Girls and Selfie Culture: Empowering or Narcissistic? Essay -- self-est

Art, specifically the self-portrait, has evolved along with technology and social media. With the technological generation, the self portrait has pop off a selfie. But what sort of social implications come along with this new trend?Thesis Statement Selfies give women and girls the power to represent themselves the way they beseech to be seen, boost self-esteem, and could even shift the standard of beauty to something more realistic. How Selfies got StartedIn any art history class, there is one topic that is everlastingly covered the self-portrait. All great artists from Leonardo Da Vinci to Jackson Pollock have immortalized themselves in the form of autobiographical portraiture. Fe phallic self portraits are specifically significant. Until the 20th century, women were rarely trained in the art of painting. Usually, the only female artists were the daughters of male artists. This was because it was necessary for apprentices of artists to live and work with the senior artist. Of course, it was socially unacceptable for a woman to live with a man to whom she was not married. Therefore, most portraits of women pre-20th century are not self portraits, but instead portraits painted by male painters. We can recognize these portraits by the particular that the subjects gaze is never at the viewer, but rather to the side or downwards, due to the fact that women were not meant to look men in the eye.One female artist pre-20th century who created a famous self-portrait is Marie-Denise Villers. Her most famous painting, Young Woman Drawing, was erstwhile thought to be the work of Jacques-Louis David. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, many paintings, especially portraits of young women, which were formerly attributed to Jacques Louis David or... ...pinto, Lauren. Artist Selfies Everybodys Doing It. Muddy Colors (blog), January 23, 2014. http//muddycolors.blogspot.com/2014/01/artist-selfies-everybodys-doing-it.html (accessed March 3, 2014).Ryan, Erin Gloria. Selfies Arent Empowering. Theyre a telephone for Help.. Jezebel (blog), November 21, 2013. http//jezebel.com/selfies-arent-empowering-theyre-a-cry-for-help-1468965365 (accessed March 1, 2014).Simmons, Rachel. Selfies Are Good for Girls. Slate (blog), November 20, 2013. http//www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2013/11/selfies_on_instagram_and_facebook_are_tiny_bursts_of_girl_pride.html (accessed March 1, 2014).Winter, Jessica. Selfie-loathing. Slate (blog), July 23, 2013. http//www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2013/07/instagram_and_self_esteem_why_the_photo_sharing_network_is_even_more_depressing.html (accessed March 1, 2014).

NASA vs. Public Schools Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

NASA vs. Public SchoolsDozens of cupcakes arrive at Cape Canaveral, cook and iced by astronauts and their spouses. The heads of NASA believe this fundraiser will only the space program for the next year. After all, if everyone who cares about the future of the last frontier buys a cupcake, we can bear on the funding of the space program. Yeah, rightSadly, our country spends 13.5 billion dollars on space exploration but cant find enough funding for our public schools. (http//www.hq.nasa.gov/congress/budget1.html) The unify States is the richest nation on our planet. Yet, parent clubs all over the country spend volunteer time education money for public schools. Why do we non nonplus enough funding for our public schools and who is responsible for our lack of funds?An article on NASAs website shows me a testimony by NASA Administrator, Dan Goldin, who spoke before the U.S. family line of Representatives subcommittee after the NASA budget received an eleven-percent reduction in f unding. Mr. Goldin feels outrage that the space program would be expected to function on such restricted funding. Goldin extracts this frame of cut would gut space exploration. With closures of NASA centers and significant layoffs, Mr. Goldin predicts this budget cut will affect employee morale. Mr. Goldin poignantly states, Perhaps most sadly, we will lose the opportunity to overturn a future generation of children. (http//www.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/Goldin/2000/testimony) Goldins issue is the reduction in his budget. In my experience with budgets, reduction of the budget means, Goldin and his team are going to have to cut costs. Reading between the lines of his argument, I presume the eleven-percent are costs he does not want to cut. It must be his beli... ...ronomers, or engineers to further our advancing future. We must concentrate on the educational funding of our nation. I perceive the National PTA to have a valid mission in the lives of our children and education. Instead of raising funds through the community, perhaps we can become political advocates and persuade our politicians to allocate necessary funds to our public education instead of baking cupcakes. Cupcakes in hand, I head to my next PTA fundraiser. I realize cupcakes are not going to save the education system for the next year, just as they cannot save a space program. After all, we do care about the future of education for our children. We need to analyze our issues and decide how to go about trimming the state educational budget. NASA can live through the budget cuts without cupcakes and so can our educational system. But for now, cupcake, anyone?

NASA vs. Public Schools Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

NASA vs. Public SchoolsDozens of cupcakes arrive at Cape Canaveral, baked and iced by astronauts and their spouses. The heads of NASA believe this fundraiser leave alone save the stead program for the attached year. After all, if everyone who cares about the upcoming of the last frontier buys a cupcake, we posterior save the funding of the space program. Yeah, rightSadly, our country send packings 13.5 billion dollars on space exploration but cant find enough funding for our public schools. (http//www.hq.nasa.gov/congress/budget1.html) The United States is the richest nation on our planet. Yet, parent clubs all over the country spend volunteer time raising money for public schools. Why do we non have enough funding for our public schools and who is responsible for our lack of gold?An article on NASAs website shows me a testimony by NASA Administrator, Dan Goldin, who spoke before the U.S. House of Representatives subcommittee after the NASA budget received an eleven-percent reduction in funding. Mr. Goldin feels outrage that the space program would be expected to function on such restricted funding. Goldin states this kind of cut would gut space exploration. With closures of NASA centers and significant layoffs, Mr. Goldin predicts this budget cut will affect employee morale. Mr. Goldin poignantly states, Perhaps most sadly, we will lose the opportunity to inspire a future generation of children. (http//www.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/Goldin/2000/testimony) Goldins issue is the reduction in his budget. In my experience with budgets, reduction of the budget means, Goldin and his team are going to have to cut cost. Reading between the lines of his argument, I presume the eleven-percent are costs he does not want to cut. It must be his beli... ...ronomers, or engineers to further our advancing future. We must concentrate on the educational funding of our nation. I grok the National PTA to have a valid mission in the lives of our children and education. Instead of raising funds through the community, perhaps we can become political advocates and turn our politicians to allocate necessary funds to our public education instead of baking cupcakes. Cupcakes in hand, I head to my next PTA fundraiser. I realize cupcakes are not going to save the education system for the next year, just as they cannot save a space program. After all, we do care about the future of education for our children. We need to analyze our issues and decide how to go about trimming the state educational budget. NASA can live through the budget cuts without cupcakes and so can our educational system. But for now, cupcake, anyone?

Coroperate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social right Introduction A few years ago firms yet goal was to compass economic cyberspace from their melodyes. In recent times it has been discussions if economic scratch atomic number 18 the only reason for businesses to exist (Kilotons 1991) In modern society the resume that businesses have responsibilities against the society they operate in have grown bigger, merely there are still state and organizations who believe that gaining economic profit from their business are the only thing they have to be concerned about (Chant 2013).The purpose of this essay is to discuss and compare the different viewpoints of corporate social responsibility (hereafter referred to as CARS) and the key issue is to see why corporations and their management should be concerned with CARS. The paper will start by explaining what CARS is and how businesses stinker gain profit from applying CARS. Thereafter the counterargument, that business doesnt have any other responsibilities the n gaining profit, will be presented. An example of good CARS-work will thereafter be demonstrated.The relationship betwixt ethics in business will too be discussed. Different views of CARS There are many different definitions of what corporate social responsibility is but one ay to look at it is that corporate responsibility is employ to describe the work that companies do voluntarily that has a positive impact on society, the environment or the economy (Shill, Apothecary Kansas 2010). CARS is supposed to help businesses to behave ethically and gain economic profit and at the same time helping to decide social issues (Chant 2013).Not only are CARS good for the society and the people in it but too for the stakeholders of the company. CARS can change stakeholders purchase behavior, employment seeking and also investment. Over mime CARS can also help the company to build a stronger brand and in that way also gain an economic profit (Shill, Apothecary Kansas 2010). In recent tim es a lot of critiques have been pointed to CARS. The counterargument meaner that business only responsibility against the society is to gain economic profit and only do what the business was created to do (Chant 2013).Many opponents against CARS say that businesses only should use their resources and engage in activities that are designed to increase profits so long as it stays within the law (Kilotons, 1991). Why corporate social responsibility? The question is if businesses and corporations have a social nature and responsibility or not? My own answer to this question is that businesses, in the modern society, is of social nature and have responsibilities against the society. Corporations and businesses are a big part of our society and what they do engage a big impact on people, environment and also how other business act.I would like to compare it with people walking on the street and dont fructify their rubbish in the garbage bins. I believe that almost everyone thinks that i t would be ethically wrong not to put their rubbish in the bins. If everyone throws their rubbish on the street the society and community would not have looked nice and people would care less about, in this case, the environment because no one else does. My point of view is that it reflection of the people in it and so are the corporations and business (Chant 2013).Its understandable that some corporations think it is unnecessary to implement CARS and that it only will cost them silver that they wont get back. To demonstrate how businesses can gain economic advantages from CARS I will use a Swedish company KEA. KEA is a big internal decoration company that operates all over the world and ton is one of their most important raw materials. The company want all cotton used in their products to come from sustainable productions. By using the better cotton initiative they can help reduce environmental and social impacts.They have also proved that this initiative can help KEA to offer co mpetitive priced products that satisfy customers needs and also helps the company to reach one of their ambitions to provide responsibly sourced products (CARS Sweden leads by example in corporate responsibility 2013) With that said, my point is that many companies have to look ore on the output they can gain from CARS and not so much on the input. Conclusion There are many ways of looking at and understand CARS and my point of view in this paper is that CARS is a good thing and that corporations and businesses can gain both social and economic profits from it.On the other hand it can be difficult to measure act of CARS and to compare business with each other (Chant 2013). But maybe comparing and competitiveness is not necessary as in economical ways. Maybe CARS can be Just a question of good ethics, something as obvious as throwing rubbish in the garbage bin or pay your employees wages in time. Is that a realistic goal? Probably not, because it takes that CARS belong to some sort of common sense if thats going to happen.The important thing for businesses to understand is that CARS should be a part of their business strategy and goal. The modern world is growing and businesses have to keep up with the changes in the environment around them. People are getting more knowledge about ethics and culture and thats why its getting more important for businesses and their management to apply it in to their strategy. Maybe people are going to choose one supermarket in front of the other cause the first one didnt care about the ethical issues with food production.

A Review of Saint Augustine’s Virtue and the Human Soul Essay

In Augustines name Virtue and the Hu hu parts Soul, happiness is discussed in great detail. What makes a man happy? How do we declare this happiness and where does happiness reside? Can this happiness be lost? Augustine answers these questions by the notion of singles headland good. He explains that a mans headspring good is the reason behind all happiness. If one is not happy, it is because they have not bring their caput good, and therefore thunder mugnot be happy until they find it (Augustine 264-267).Happiness is in the enjoyment of mans old-timer good. Two conditions of the chief good 1st, Nothing is unwrap than it 2nd, it cannot be lost against the will (Augustine 264-267). As human beings, we all want to be happy and live enjoyable lives. However, Augustine believes that only one type of person can fully achieve happiness, the man who both loves and possesses their chief good (Augustine 264-267). He describes three other cases when happiness is not obtained. First, one who seeks what he cannot obtain suffers torture (Augustine 264-267). This means that someone who strives for something that they will never be able to reach is not happy. Secondly, one who has got what is not desirable is cheated (Augustine 264-267). This is saying that someone who has legitimate happiness in a way that they do not like, or has received happiness that they do not want, can never be happy. Thirdly, one who does not seek for what is worth seeking for is diseased (Augustine 264-267). This final case is when someone seeks happiness through things that are wrong and not worth having. In all of these three mentioned cases, ones chief good has not been found.Augustine continues in the article by discussing how mans chief good is not inferior to man itself, but more as an equal to man. The chief good then must be something that is never lost against the will (Augustine 264-267). The chief good, once properly in the heart of a man, can never be taken away. It resides fu lly in the inner workings of man and is bury so deep within that nothing could ever take away the happiness. For no one can feel confident regarding a good which he knows can be taken from him, although he wishes to keep and cherish it. But if a man feels no confidence regarding the good which he enjoys, how can he be happy while in such fear of losing it? (Augustine 264-267).For example, when you go to a pet shop and see all the cute puppies. You want to hold them and pet them, and it makes you so happy for that brief period. However, you know that the happiness can be taken away from you, because you dont bear the puppies, you dont get to take them home. Ultimately, you walk away sad, and wishing you could hold on to that happiness just a little longer. It is hard to be confident in a happiness that you know can be taken away from you at whatsoever time, and its equally as hard to have no confidence in your happiness because you live in fear of never being happy.Augustine cont inues his discussion of what makes a man. The question lies in the discussion between man being of the body only, of the somebody only, or both. He talks about this to determine where mans chief good resides, and from where it is discovered. Mans chief good is not the chief good of the body only, but the chief good of the soul (Augustine 264-267). Augustine states that a persons chief good is found in the soul and that the soul gives life history to the body. The soul provides bodily pleasure, pain, strength, beauty, swiftness, etc. Without the soul, there would be no body, and without the body, no soul. They work together in direct to achieve the chief good for man.Augustine gives the example of a coachman who works for him. The coachman does the most satisfactory job of caring for the horses, all because Augustine has provided the funds and bounty to the coachman. Can any one deny that the good condition of the horses is due to Augustine? (Augustine 264-267). His point is that w ithout his money and horses, the coachman would never be able to do the job he was assigned, and because of Augustine in this example, the coachman can provide the happiness and care to the horses. This relates to the body being a direct worker of the soul. The body is the outward laborer of the souls control.Augustines article is summed up in the discussion of virtue. Virtue gives perfection to the soul the soul obtains virtue by following beau ideal following God is the happy life (Augustine 264-267). Augustine debates whether or not virtue exists on its own, or if it can only exist within the soul. He says virtue must exist on its own because the soul must have something to follow after in order to attain that virtue. Virtue must be gained it is not already contained within the soul. This virtue, fit in to Augustine, belongs in the followers of God. As mentioned before, Augustine believes that ones chief good cannot be taken away against ones will. Therefore, it must remain th at God is the virtue one seeks. Through following God, ones chief good, happiness, and virtue can be both loved and possessed (Augustine 264-267).After read and re-reading this article, I feel I have finally found the true meaning of what Saint Augustine was saying. Happiness cannot just be attained by the go bad of a finger, by a simple glimpse of hope. Happiness must be sought after in a way that completely fills the soul and in a way that one can feel they are completely confident in their happiness. I agree with Augustines argument for the pursuit of God in finding happiness. I believe that God is the creator of happiness and virtue, and that through him anyone can find their chief good. My question to the class is this do you agree with Augustines argument of happiness only coming from within the soul and God, or do you believe happiness can be obtained to its fullest potential drop in a different way?Work CitedAugustine, Saint. Virtue and the Human Soul. Vice and Virtue In Everyday Life. Comp. Christina Hoff Sommers and Fred Sommers. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.

Friendship: Meaning of Life and Friends Essay

What is a friend? According to Aristotle, a friend is a single sole dwelling in ii bodies. People understand the concept of friendship differently, save there is one common ground for it. It is constantly built on a mutual sympathy. friendship plays an important role in our lives, to a large extent. Friends can help you find the meaning of life by helping you overcome challenges. They atomic number 18 good deal in your life that care for you and they simple get joy and meaning to your life.In some cases it is short and finds its end quickly, plot of land in other cases it may last for many years and grow stronger every year. True friendship is built on trust and mutual support. Your real friend will always find time to talk and try to find solutions to the hard problems you face every day. They are always there to help you and expect the same from you. Friends are psychologically comfortable with each other, and sometimes are emotionally closer than with their relatives. Fr iends help you overcome challenges you may face at times in your life.A special thing almost friendship is that friends have the ability to do different things like simply talking something through and giving advice or physically helping you Sometimes friends find more comfort in each other rather than family because they might have the idea that there family might calculate them, and there friend will tell it right. In difficult times, friends make you see things from a different point of view, allowing you to take time to reflect and seek the situation.Doing this it allows you to see another perspective of the situation and find another way to overcome your challenge. Not only do friends help you through situations, but they go about this through love. Friends are people in your life that love and care about you. They will not only help you through something but they are the ones that will always be there for you in those times of need. They care about you and how you feel and that is what makes them a true friend. A friend is soul who believes in you when you have yet to believe in yourself.They help you to find the meaning of life because they let you get by that there is someone out there that cares for you and that you are valuable to someone else in this world. Friends are not only there to help you, but they also add fun, happiness and joy to life. They add fun, happiness and joy as you can relate to each other and share the same value about things. Through sharing the same values you are able to laugh and joke about things that you will both find funny as you share the same ideas. They can make you will about any problems you have by simply having some fun.Friends can be your whole life as you revolve many things around them. You know you can trust them as much as they can trust you. Friends help us to not take everything in life too staidly and have a bit of fun by simply being in each others company. Friendship has great value in the meaning of life. It is one of the richest treasures of life. Friends help you overcome challenges and difficult times in your life, through talking and physically helping you. They are someone who knows you well and cares about you, so that everything they do for you and through love.When the crowd dies down after a crisis, your friends are the ones who are still active. Friends will sit with you in the hospital, be with you while you grieve, be available at a moments notice of crisis, come out to help in the middle of the night, stand up for you, bring in a hand when there is work to be done, be loyal to you, have fun with you, make you laugh when you are sad etc etc and the list goes on. The most important thing about friendship is that it adds meaning and value to our lives.

Mendel Paper Company Essay

According to the text, a break-even point can be computed for any assumed mix of gross revenue and a break-even chart or P/V graph can be constructed for any sales mix (2012). For (a) the Break even= Contribution Margin from the original estimates is $1,013,000 and for (b) the Margin of Safety, start the grand tot sales number of all items and the total contribution margin and subtract it $1,013,000 2,480,000 = $1,467,000 and to get the percentage, take the total from the subtracted formula ($1,467,000) and divide it by the grand sales total (2,480,000) = $1,467,000/2,480,000 = 59.15%. Revised Estimates Break-even/Margin of Safety (4)For (a) the Break even= Contribution Margin from the original estimates is $992,500 and for (b) the Margin of Safety, take the grand total sales number of all items and the total contribution margin and subtract it $992,500 2,550,000 = $1,557,500 and to get the percentage, take the total from the subtracted formula ($1,557,500) and divide it by the grand sales total (2,550,000) = $1,557,500/2,550,000 = 61.08%. Herberts Concern (5)Herbert should not be concern about the place mats because the contribution margin is the second highest of the four products and the highest contribution margin per social unit of the four products. Granted if the place mats were to be closed, it would reduce the profit of the company, but from the original estimates and the revised estimates, the place mats are generating contribution margin. In regards to the variable cost, it is down the stairs the selling price, but the place mats should not be discontinued. ConclusionHerbert from Mendel Paper Company should not be concern about the place mats, the data is in that location to help Herbert realize that that the place mats bring in profit than making the company lose profit, especially with it being the second highest CM. A company should not discontinue an item if the item is making the company some type of product, but if there are other variables involved such as updated machinery that requires more(prenominal) time and energy that costs the company more money, than the company should look at the things that are not doing as well and that does not have a high demand for.ReferencesManagerial accounting Decision making for the service and manufacturing sectors. (2012). San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education.

Higher Education and Vocational Degree

Murrays Essay On Education Whats Wrong With Vocational domesticate Whats Wrong With Vocational School, by Charles Murray is an Article that states Vocational schooling would be better off than a four year College leg. In Murrays opinion, college should only be with those with a high IQ rate of 115 or higher and able to handle rigorous and challenging courses. If you are at an IQ below 110 it becomes an issue and you would be more successful in a Vocational program.This article calmly and rationally presents the nonion that the universe would be better served by the reintroduction of more training for careers in trade occupations fit more prominent, therefore creating more telephone circuit opportunities for people graduating with a vocational degree. Many students that graduate from a four year University do not learn what is needed to go into the working field. Murray states For a few occupations, a college degree still certifies a qualification. This brings up the question, wh y do we pressure everyone to get a four year degree?In our society the college you go to marrow more than your actual qualification or talent you might have. Employers tend to pick a student that graduated from a university over that of a vocational school student just because of the name of the school not the talent the individual has. The degree itself also does not automatically qualify the student for the job and there are much faster and better ways such as a vocational degree for young people to provide certification to employers.These credentials are needed in the job market for students with vocational degrees. As Murray says, Finding a good lawyer or physician is effortless but finding a good carpenter, painter, or electrician is becoming difficult. The jobs needed such as an electrician or painters are those with vocational degrees. We practically overlook some of the great jobs that dont require a degree and are still very rewarding. A vocational degree potful bring just as much income sometimes even more than a four year college degree in half the time.We have a mindset that a four year degree is much more valuable than a vocational degree. As Murray conveys this is not true he utilise an example of a craftsman bringing intrinsic rewards with high income. Vocational degrees are becoming more susceptible in our community. A college degree is no more important than any other high tech occupation such as an NBA player or a cabinet maker. Many of our roughly high income people do not have a college degree and do not care because they are living happily without it.Murray states the social cachet of a college degree still remains but will erode over time when large numbers of high income people do not have college degrees. Many employers are looking more at the evidence you are good at something without the benefit of a college degree and will emergence more overtime. If this does continue our false outlook of a college degree will diminish. A s a society we look at the only way of becoming successful is going to a four university and look over vocational degree programs. Through Murrays argument we learned tha

Efficacy Of Dynamic Splinting Health And Social Care Essay

The process has proven to both dependable and lasting. A successful entire joint genus successor allows patient to restart about all activities of day-to-day populating with minimum trouble. In most instances patients no ampleer necessitate external AIDSs or chronic medicines. at long last entire juncture genus substitution helps patients to keep their overall ego go steady.Entire join genus replacing is indicated when on that point is unremitting terrible infliction in the articulatio genus with or without malformation. The pain/ malformation may be due to osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and assorted non proper(postnominal) arthritis. It relieves hurting, provides mobility and right malformation.Entire articulatio genus replacing is a surgical process in which injured or damaged parts of the articulatio genus critical point be replaced with unreal parts. The process is performed by seperating the musculuss and ligaments around the articulatio genus to bust the a rticulatio genus capsule. The articulatio genus capsule is opened, exposed the eat upior of the joint. The ending of the thighbone and tibial are removed. The unreal parts are cemented into topographic point. The articulatio genus provide dwell of metal shell at the terminal of the thighbone, a metal and plastic bowl on the tibia and if needed a fictile freeing in the cap. In a manner this could be more suitably called a genu resurfacing operation.The familiar pathology for entire knee replacing is knee bend contracture.DefinitionFlexure contracture is defined as the shortening of the connective interweave thereby stiffening the joint. It is due to fastening of the posterior capsule combined with the tightening of biceps femur and indirect ligaments.Hence rehabilitation plan should be under beginn shortly after TKA to keep joint scope of interrogation.In peculiar this survey examined the value of energizingal treating in increasing scope of gesture and cut downing th e flexure contracture. alive(p) splinting utilizes the bio mechanistic version of maintaining the occasion at end-range to accomplish a physiological fitting of molecular realignment to stretch the connective tissue. This protocol of low-load, prolonged-duration stretch with alive(p) emphasis continually reduces the contracture.ANATOMY OF genu JOINTThe articulatio genus articulation is the largest and most complex articulation in the organic structure. It is synovial modified flexible joint articulation. It is formed by merger and median tibio- femoral and patella- femoral articulation.ARTICULAR SurfacesIt is comprised theFemoral condyles distal terminal of thighbonetibial condyles proximal terminal of shinbone.Patellar facetes posterior heighten of shoot.Femoral condylesThe articular ascends of thighbone are block descriptord. The femoral condyles are convex in both planes. They are extended interiorly by the block shaped patellar surfaces. The cervix of the block is repr esented anteriorly by the cardinal channel on the patellar surface and posteriorly by the intercondylar notch.111Tibial condyleThe tibial surfaces are in return curved and comprises both curved and concave analogue troughs which are separated by a blunt distinction running antero- posteriorly distinction lodges the two intercondylar tubercles.Tibio-femoral articulationsThe tibial condyles correspond to the femoral condyles while the inter condylar tibial tubercles come to inside the femoral intercondylar notch, these surfaces constitute operating(a)ly the tibio-femoral articulation.Femero-patellar articulationsThe aspects of kneecap correspond to the patellar surface of the thighbone while the perpendicular ridge of the kneecap fits into the cardinal channel of the thighbone.LIGAMENTS OF KNEE JOINTMedial indirect ligamentIt is flattened set rhomboidal in outine. It is attached above to the median epicondyle of thighbone, infra to the median border and the bordering median surface of shinbone.Functionrestrain valgus circle motionLateral indirect ligamentFunctionrestrain varus rotary motion and resist internal rotary motionkneeanatAnterior cruciate ligamentIt is attached below to the anterior portion of the intercondylar country of shinbone between the anterior terminals of sidelong and median semilunar gristles. Above it is attached to the posterior portion of the median surface of sidelong femoral condyle.FunctionTo defy anterior supplanting of the shinbone on the thighbone when the articulatio genus is flexedTo defy varus or valgus rotary motion of the shinbone, in particular in the absence of the collateral ligamentsResists internal rotary motion of the shinbone.Posterior cruciate ligamentIt is attached below to the posterior portion of intercondylar country of shinbone, scarcelytocks to the fond regard of posterior terminal of median semilunar gristle. Above it is attached to the anterior portion of sidelong surface of the median condyle of thighbone. FunctionTo let femoral beseech back in flexureResist posterior interlingual rendition of the tibia relation to the thighboneControls external rotary motion of the shinbone with increasing articulatio genus flexure.Retention of the PCL in entire articulatio genus replacing has been shown biomechanically to supply normal kinematic push back of the thighbone on the shinbone. This besides is of import for bettering the lever develop of the quadriceps mechanism with flexure of the articulatio genus.MUSCLES OF KNEE JOINTQuadricepss femorisPopliteusSemitendinosusSemimembranousSartoriusBicepss femorisGastrocnemiusPlantarisBURSAE AROUND THE KNEE JOINTAnteriorlyThe suprapatellar BursaThe prepatellar Bursa dilettanteish intrapatellar BursaDeep infrapatellar BursaLaterallyA Bursa between sidelong indirect ligament and biceps tendonA Bursa between sidelong indirect ligament and popliteus sinewPopliteus Bursa lies between the popliteus and sidelong condyle of thighbone.MediallyThe tibial inter sinewy Bursa ( pes anserine Bursa )A Bursa between median collateral ligament and semimembranous sinewA Bursa between semimembranous sinews and shinbone.PosteriorlyA Bursa between sidelong caput of gastrocnemius muscle and capsule.Semimembranous Bursa ( brodies bursa )NERVE SUPPLYFemoral nervusSciatic nervusObturator nervusBLOOD SupplyThe arterial supply to knee joint, is from the subdivisions ofPopliteal arteriaFemoral arteriaTibial arteriaTIBIO-FEMORAL ARTHROKINEMATICSViewed in the sagittal plane, the thighbone s jointing surface is convex while the shinbone s in concave. We can foretell arthrokinematics based on the regulations of concave shape and convexnessDuring Knee ExtensionDuring Knee FlexionOpen ChainClosed ChainOpen ChainClosed ChainTibia Glides Anteriorly On FemurFemur Glides Posteriorly On TibiaTibia Glides Posteriorly On FemurFemur Glides Anteriorly On Tibiafrom 20o articulatio genuss flexure to effective denotationfrom full articulatio genus extension to 20o flexur eTibia rotates externallyFemur rotates internally on motionless shinboneTibia rotates internallyFemur rotates externally on stable shinboneTHE SCREW-HOME MechanismRotation between the shinbone and thighbone occurs automatically between full extension ( 0o ) and 20o of articulatio genus flexure. These figures illustrate the top of the right tibial tableland as we look down on it during knee gesture.top of tibial tablelandtop of tibial tablelandtop of tibial tablelandDuring Knee Extension, the shinbone glides anteriorly on the thighbone.During the last 20 grades of articulatio genus extension, anterior tibial semivowel persists on the shinbone s median condyle because its articular surface is longer in that dimension than the sidelong condyle s.Prolonged anterior semivowel on the median side produces external tibial rotary motion, the screw-home mechanism.THE SCREW-HOME MECHANISM REVERSES DURING KNEE FLEXIONtop of tibial tablelandtop of tibial tablelandtop of tibial tablelandWh en the articulatio genus begins to flex from a place of full extension, posterior tibial semivowel begins foremost on the longer median condyle.Between 0 deg. extension and 20 deg. of flexure, posterior semivowel on the median side produces comparative tibial internal rotary motion, a reversal of the screw-home mechanism.Entire KNEE REPLACEMENTEntire articulatio genus replacing is indicated when there is unremitting terrible hurting in the articulatio genus with or without malformation. The pain/ malformation may e due to osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and assorted non specific arthritis. It relieves hurting, provides mobility and right malformation.Entire articulatio genus replacing is a surgical process in which injured or damaged parts of the articulatio genus articulation are replaced with unreal parts. The process is performed by seperating the musculuss and ligaments around the articulatio genus to expose the articulatio genus capsule. The articulatio genus capsule is op ened, exposed the interior of the joint. The terminal of the thighbone and tibial are removed. The unreal parts are cemented into topographic point. The articulatio genus lead dwell of metal shell at the terminal of the thighbone, a metal and plastic trough on the shinbone and if needed a fictile button in the cap. In a manner this could be more suitably called a Knee resurfacing operation.Tocopherol New F grey-hairederNAGU PROJECTimAGESTotal-Knee-Replacement.jpgThe entire articulatio genus replacing can beUnicompartmental arthroplasty The Articular surface of thighbone and shinbone, either the medial or sidelong compartment of the articulatio genus are replaced by an implant. Eg osteoathritis.Bicomprtmental arthroplasty In bicompartmental arthroplasty, the articular surface of shinbone and thighbone of both median and sidelong compartments of the articulatio genus articulations are replaced by an implant. The 3rd compartment i.e.. , the patellofemoral articulation is nevertheless left intact.Tricomprtmental arthroplasty the articular surface of the lower thighbone, upper shinbone and kneecap are replaced by prosthetic doohickey. Most normally performed arthroplsty.The prosthetic device consists of a tibial constituent, a metal femoral constituent and a high molecular weight polythene button for articular surface of the kneecap.TKA GOALSRestore mechanical alliance impersonal tibiofemoral alliance =4A-6A of anatomic valgus ,Horizontal joint line,Soft tissue balance ( ligament ) ,( Patella tracking ( Q-angle )IndicationOteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritisHemophilic arthritisTraumatic arthritisSero ostracize arthridesCrystal deposition distemperPigmented villonoular synovitisAvascular mortificationBone dysplasiasAsymmetric arthritsCONTRA INDICATIONAbsolute contraindicationsHolocene or curren joint infectionSepsis or clayatic infectionNeuropathic arthropathyPainful lusty articulatio genus mergerRelative contraindicationsSevere osteoporosisDebilated hapless we llnessNon working extensor mechanismPainless, good working arthrodesisSignificant peripheral vascular diseasesTKA ComplicationsDeath 0.53 %Periprosthetic Infection 0.71 %Pneumonic emboli 0.41 %Patella dislocationComponent RelaxationTibial tray wearPeroneal Nerve Palsy 0.3 % to 2 %Periprosthetic Femur FracturePeriprosthetic Tibial FractureWound Complications / Skin abase rarePatellar Clunk Syndrome rarePatellofemoral Instability 0.5 % -29 %DVTInstabilityPopliteal artery hurt 0.05 %Quadricepss Tendon Rupture 0.1 %Patellar Tendon Rupture & lt 2 %StiffnessFat EmbolismMCL ruptureNeed AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYNeed of the surveyTo cut down flexure contractureTo better scope of gestureTo better functional activitySignificance of the surveyThis survey is to bank bill the efficaciousness of high-powered splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture avocation a entire articulatio genus arthroplasty.Statement of the jobTo analyze the efficaciousness of energising splinting for arti culatio genus flexure contracture next a entire articulatio genus arthroplasty.Therefore the survey is entitled as efficaciousness of driving splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture following a entire articulatio genus arthroplasty .AimsTo cut down flexure contractureTo better scope of gestureTo analyse the consequence of dynamic articulatio genus splintNull hypothesisThe subvert hypothesis can be stated as follows there is no crucial difference in articulatio genus flexure contracture after the act of dynamic knee splint.Alternate hypothesisThe hypothesis can be stated as follows there is all-important(a) difference in articulatio genus flexure contracture after the coat of dynamic knee splint.2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE1. TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTYSimon H Palmer, MD, Consultant Surgeon Sep 21, 2010 Osteoarthritis devastation of the articulatio genus is the most common ground for entire knee replacing.Jayant joshi, prakash kotwal says that entire knee replacing embos sments pain, provides mobility & A corrects malformation.2. FLEXION ContractureJ. Ilyas A.H. Deakin C. Brege and F. Picard Flexion contracture is a common malformation encountered in patients necessitating entire articulatio genus arthroplasty ( TKA ) .Department of orthopedicss, aureate jubilee national infirmary, clydebank, Glasgow, g81 4hx, United Kingdom. One hundred and four uninterrupted TKA were completed by a individual adviser utilizing the OrthoPilot ( BBraun, Aesculap ) pilotage system and Columbus implants. Seventy-four articulatio genuss had preoperative flexure contracture ( including impersonal articulatio genuss ) while 30 were in hyperextension.Ouellet D, Moffet H. Arthritis Rheum October 2002 Large motion shortages are present, especially in single-limb support pre-op and 2 months following TKA.Huei-Ming Chai, PHD. November 24, 2008 resume articulatio genus arthroplasty bounds scope of gesture3. DYNAMIC SPLINTDennis cubic decimeter armstrong, m.d. Buck Willis, Ph.D. evaluates the efficaciousness of dynamic knee extension splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture following TKA.FingerA E, WillisA FB Health Physical Education, Recreation, Texas State University, Cases Journal 2008, Physical therapy entirely did non to the full cut down the contracture and dynamic splinting was so prescribed for day-to-day low-load, prolonged-duration stretch.Finger E, Willis B 29Dec2008 Dynasplint offers extension Systems to help in rehabilitation and recovery from flexure contracture.Clinical surveies have demonstrated great mean cliff in rehabilitation clip and cost with the usage of Dynasplint Systems in concurrence with physical therapy.Willis FB Biomechanics.2008 Jan 15 After surgery, a patient is ofttimes left with sawed-off connective tissue and may require a hard clip walking usually once more. Wearing a dynamic articulatio genus splint exit lengthen and reconstruct the tissue to reconstruct scope of gesture.McClure P, Blackburn L, Du sold C Ideally, have oning your Dynasplint for 6-8 uninterrupted hours yields the best consequences as it allows a safe, long enduring remodeling of the soft tissue.Cliffordr.Wheeless, Iii, Md.December3, 2008. The intent of this study is to reexamine the usage of external fixator for the gradual rectification of terrible articulatio genus flexure contractures that bound patient map. crowd together f. Mooney three, mendelevium, l. Andrew koman Posted 05/01/2001 Average preoperative flexure contracture was 80.5A . Each patient achieved full extension. There was one return, despite brace, which was managed with replacing of the fixator and soft tissue processs4. CONVENTIONAL forcible THERAPY FOR KNEE ARTHRITISJan.K.Richardson, Pt, Phd, Ocs Said that arthritis is a degenerative disease of the gristle and castanetss that consequences in hurting and stiffness in affected articulation. There is no remedy for arthritis, but physical therapy can do life easier and less painful.Brigham And W omen s Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Services Physical Therapy.ROM along with proper soft tissue balance is required to guarantee proper biomechanics in the articulatio genus articulation. Aggressive post-operative PT has been shown to be effectual in bettering patient results and shortening length of stick byBalint G And Sz Ebenyl.B Showed that curative exercisings decreases hurting, increases musculus weariness and scope of gesture every bit good as improve endurance and aerophilic capacity. Weight decrease is proven in corpulent patients with OA of articulatio genus. Curative heat and cold, galvanism, stylostixis are widely used.Dr. Margriet new wave baar reported that important good set up from exercising therapy including betterments in ego reported hurting, disablement, walking ability and overall sense of good being.Dorr LD.A J Arthroplasty June 2002 CPM helps accomplish articulatio genus scope of gesture speedy in first post-op hebdomads but at concluding followup s, no difference in concluding scope of gestureByrne, et al.A Clin Biomech October 2002 Deficits in articulatio genus strength balance by increased hip extensor work rehab should optimise bilateral hip and articulatio genus map after TKAMcManus et al 2006, Jorge et al 2006 the higher frequences ( 90-cxxxHz ) to persuade the hurting gate mechanisms & A thereby dissemble the hurting symptoms.Ozcan et Al, 2004 Low frequence nervus stimulation is physiologically effectual ( as with TENS and NMES ) and this is the key to IFT treatment.Adedoyin, R. A. , et Al. ( 2002 ) .IFT acts generally on the excitable ( nervus ) tissues, the strongest effects are likely to be those which are a direct consequence of such stimulation ( i.e. hurting alleviation and musculus stimulation ) .National Taiwan University Hospital, November 2008 PNF stretchiness techniques has been used often for patients with entire articulatio genus arthroplasty in clinical pattern to increase scope of gesture efficacio usly and decreased articulatio genus hurting during exercising.Huei-Ming Chai, PHD November 24, 2008 PNF stretching technique is a curative technique utilizing the PNF construct to the related muslces either to increase neuro-inhibition mechanism for let go ofing musculus cramp and stretching musculus length, or to increase neuro-excitation mechanism for heightening musculus strengthHarold B. James H. Beaty, MD Range-of-motion exercisings, musculus strengthening, railway yard preparation, and direction in executing activities of day-to-day life are of import.5. GONIOMETRIC MEASURENT FOR ROMCarlos Lavernia, MD, Range of gesture appraisal through direct observation without a goniometer provides outside findings.Mark D. Rossi, PhD, PT, CSCS The Journal of Arthroplasty Vol. 23 No. 6 Suppl. 1 2008 Measured tonss utilizing a goniometer provided an improved grade of truth, but consequences appear to be dependent on the clinician executing the measuring.Richard l. Gajdosik Associate Profe ssor Physical healers may accept most knee goniometric measurings as clinically valid, and the grounds indicates that most of these measurings are dependable.6. KNEE parliamentary law SCOREGil Scuderi, MD-Chair Jim Benjamin, MD Jess Lonner, MD Bob Bourne, MD and Norm Scott, MD, 2007, The Knee monastic order evaluation system ( KSS ) was foremost published in CORR in 1989 and has change by reversal the standard clinical rating system for describing consequences for patients undergoing Entire Knee Replacement.John N. Insall, MD, Lawrence D. Dorr, Scott, MD Rationale of the Knee Society clinical evaluation system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Nov The Knee Society has proposed this new evaluation system to be simple but more fastidious and more nonsubjective.MD, Richard D. Scott, MD, and W. Norman It is hoped the articulatio genus society evaluation system will go universally recognized and will be adopted by all writers, even if they wish to describe consequences utilizing a custo mary endeavoring regularity every bit good.3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGYMaterialsEvaluation toolGoniometryKnee society markOutcome stepScope of gestureKnee markFunction markMaterial usedDynamic articulatio genus splintMethodology( A ) Study design30 topics with flexure contracture following one-sided TKA assigned in two groups.GROUP A15 topics Dynamic splint Along With received Physiotherapy.GROUP B15 topics Conventional Physiotherapy.( B ) Study sceneThis survey was carried out in the section of physical medical intensity and rehabilitation, Sri Ramakrishna infirmary, Coimbatore.( C ) Study continuanceThis survey was carried out for a period of 6 months.( D ) SamplingRandom sampling.INCLUSION CRITERIAAge 45 to 70 old ages.Both sexFlexure contracture 20 12 deg ( post operatively )Unilateral TKAReduced flexibleness in AROM of articulatio genus extensionPain that is change state by flexing over while legs are consecutiveImpaired stride formAbility to understand informed consent and experiment dutiesExclusion StandardsFracturesBilateral TKATKA & lt 2 monthsKnee sepsisOsteomyelitis or any orthopaedic infectionExtensor mechanism disfunctionPsoriasisKnee articulation neuropathyPrevious Stroke or Brain InjurySTATISTICS woodpeckerThe information collected was analyzed utilizing independent t-test. The trial was carried out between two groups. Independentt trial was used to compare the effectivity of intervention between the groups.T =S =X1 = Difference between pretest and posttest values of mathematical group IX2 = Difference between pretest and posttest values of Group II= Mean difference of Group I= Mean difference of Group IIn1 = No. of samples in Group In2 = No. of samples in Group IIS = Combined measurement divergenceTreatmentDynamic articulatio genus Extension splintThe Rebound Effecthypertext enchant protocol //www.dynasplint.com/uploads/user-uploads/rebound2.gif53 % Average Reduction in Time and Cost Associated with ROM Rehabilitation High-force, s hort-duration stretching favours recoverable, elastic tissue distortion, whereas low-force, long-duration stretching enhances lasting fictile distortion. In the clinical scene, high force application has a great hazard of doing hurting and perchance ruptures of tissue. Dynasplint Systems improve scope of gesture by making lasting, non-traumatic tissue elongation and remodeling, therefore virtually extinguishing the scope of gesture recoil consequence oftentimes observed in the clinical scene.RangerKnee2Features & A BenefitsLLPS ( Low-Load, Prolonged-Duration Stretch ) engineering has been proven to successfully handle joint stiffness and limited scope of gesture.Early application can cut down clip and cost associated with scope of gesture rehabilitationSimple, adjustable and consistent bilateral tensioning SystemAvailable for rent or purchaseBiomechanically rightComfortable to have onEach Dynasplint System is recycled to cut down waste and assist the environmentA Dynasplint Syst ems adviser will suit your patients and oversee their intervention to guarantee the best possible consequencesOver a one-fourth of a million patients have been successfully treated with Dynasplint Systems hands down labeled and easy to utilizePatient Wearing ProtocolPlease reexamine the tenseness your Dynasplint adviser set for you ab initio.In the beginning, the splint should be worn for 2-4 hours.Do non increase the tenseness until you can digest nightlong wear. Time is the most of import factor and your first end should be 6-8 hours of hurting free wear.After accomplishing this clip end, when you take the splint off if you have less than 1 hr of post-wear stiffness, bend tenseness up by one on both sides.However if you are unable to have on the splint for a drawn-out period of clip, diminish the tenseness by a half to one full bend.During the social occasion of recovering your scope of gesture, if you have any inquiry or concerns reach your Dynasplint adviser.hypertext transfer protocol //www.wheelessonline.com/images/i1/imk11.jpgConventional TreatmentMODALITIES FOR PAIN CONTROL, EDEMA REDUCTIONMoist screw upFunctional electrical stimulationTransdermal electrical stimulationIce therapyInterferential therapyVoltaic StimulationJoint MobilizationFlexion limitationPosition patient seatedPosterior semivowel of shinbone on femur-grade 3 Oscillation with 30 2nd clasp, Repeated 5 times with patellar mobilisation of inferior semivowels ( 5 mins )Extension limitationPosition patient prone with kneecap off of tabular arrayAnterior semivowel of shinbone on femur- class 3 oscillation and inactive clasp ( 10 secs in 3 repeats ) with patellar mobilisation superior semivowels ( 5 mins )EXERCISE PlanClosed and unfastened kinetic concatenation strengthening exercisingsProprioceptive/balance exercisings aiming the bole and lower procedure muscular structurePartial organic structure weighted knee bendsGait preparationScope of gesture exercisingsHeel slide ( resistless & A sitting )Stretching ( prone/supine ) to increase articulatio genus extension ROMGAIT procreationForward WalkingHedgingBackward or Retro-WalkingFunctional TrainingStandingTransportation ActivitiesRaisingTransportingPushing or PullingSquating or CrouchingReturn-to-Work UndertakingsENDURANCE TrainingUpper organic structure exercising.Ambulation activitiesOne-leg cycling, utilizing non-operative leg with opposition to gesture.BALANCE/PROPRIOCEPTION Training bicycle-built-for-two WalkingLateral Stepping over/around objectsWeight-Shifting ActivitiesClosed Kinetic Chain Activities5. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONKNEE EXTENSION ROM Group IPre trial( deuce months after TKA )Post trial( conventional PT with SPLINT )DifferenceX1160161611516214162141641214014140141411314113142121201212012121111211112111Mean=12.93PRE TEST AND POST KNEE EXTENSION ROM Group IKNEE EXTENSION ROM GROUP IIPre trial( Two months after TKA )Post trial( conventional PT without splint )DifferenceX21871118612186121861218 414167916791641216412164121431114410144121421214212Mean=11.46t=2.82s.dev=1.42grades of granting immunity = 28The chance of this consequence, presuming the void hypothesis, is 0.009PRE TEST AND POST KNEE EXTENSION ROM GROUP IIKNEE SCORE AND FUNCTION SCORES.No.ParametersGroupsMeanS.D.Valuet Value1.Knee TonssGroup A184.473.06Group B132.Function MarkGroup A35.64.983.01Group B30.1MEAN DIFFERENCE amongKNEE SCORE AND FUNCTION SCOREDEMOGRAPHIC DATATHE AGE OF THE SAMPLES BETWEEN 45 -70 YEARS IN EACH GROUPAge ( old ages )No. of SamplesEntireGroup AGroup B45-5043750-5554955-6025760-6522465-70213Entire NUMBER OF MALES AND FEMALES IN EACH GROUPSexual activityNo. of SamplesEntireGroup AGroup BMale81018Females7512Entire NUMBER OF RIGHT AND left hand SIDE INVOLVEMENT IN EACH GROUPSide of engagementNo. of SamplesEntireGroup AGroup BRight11819Left47115. DiscussionEntire articulatio genus arthroplasty ( TKA ) is considered the intervention of pick for patients with difficult hurting and significa nt functional disablements who have non had acceptable alleviation and functional betterment after conservative intervention. Knee flexure contracture is a common pathology following TKA impacting up to 61 % of these patients.The intent of the survey is to find the effectivity of dynamic splinting in handling patients with flexion contracture following Unilateral TKA.Literature reexamine provinces that there is important difference between dynamic splinting and conventional physical therapy direction in cut downing flexure contracture following Unilateral TKA.A sum of 30 patients with one-sided TKA were selected under inclusive standards and were indiscriminately allocated into an experimental group and control group as Group A and group B severally. In each group 15 Persons were allottedIn Group A, dynamic splint along with conventional physical therapy was given and in Group B, Conventional physical therapy entirely was given. Both Groups were treated for a period of 6 months and the pre trial and station trial values are taken on the initiative ( 2 months after TKA ) and at the terminal of 6th months. In between Follow up appraisals were done at regular interval of every two hebdomads to judge the forecast.Statistical analysis performed between the Group A and Group B and the consequences showed the undermentioned result.The scope of gesture and functional betterment among the patients following the intercession was evaluated by Goniometry and knee society mark severally.ParameterGroupsMean T Value Phosphorus ValueScope of gestureA12.92.820.009Bacillus11.5Knee markA183.060.005Bacillus13Function markA35.63.010.005Bacillus30.1With goniometric measuring the scope of gesture showed a important betterment of about12.9 and 11.5 for Group A and Group B severally. T value for the independent T trial calculated between the Group is 2.82 which is important at the percentage point of 0.009 degree at 28 grades of freedom.With knee society mark measurement the art iculatio genus mark showed a important betterment of about18 and 13 for Group A and Group B severally. T value for the independent T trial calculated between the Group is 3.06 which is important at the degree of 0.005 degree at 28 grades of freedom.With knee society mark measurement the map mark showed a important betterment of about35.6 and 30.1 for Group A and Group B severally. T value for the independent T trial calculated between the Group is 3.01 which is important at the degree of 0.005 degree at 28 grades of freedom.6. DecisionFrom statistical analysis it is clear that there was a average decrease in flexure contracture of about 12.9 of Group A when compared to 11.5 with that of Group B. The calculatedt value was 2.82 which is greater than the table value at 28 grades of freedomWith knee society score it was apparent that the Group A ( articulatio genus mark and map mark ) showed a important average betterment of about 18 and 35.6 when compared to 13 and 30.1 with Group B ( knee mark and map mark ) severally. The calculatedt value was 3.06 which is greater than the table value at 28 grades of freedom.Hence it is cleared that dynamic splinting reduces flexure contracture from 20-12deg ( two month after TKA ) to 5-0 deg ( after the application of dynamic splint )So the statistical analysis infers us to reject void hypothesis and at that place by accepting the alternate hypothesis i.e. there is important difference in articulatio genus flexure contracture after the application of dynamic knee splint.Hence it is suggested that supplying a dynamic splint is effectual in cut downing flexure contracture and bettering functional position in intervention of articulatio genus flexure contracture following one-sided TKA.LIMITATION OF STUDYSample size is smaller.It is a clip bunt survey.The survey was carried on with few nonsubjective parametric quantities in entering the efficaciousness of intervention.The survey concentrated merely on one-sided TKASuggest ionThe survey could hold been done with long term follow up and more figure of patients, to analyse the result.The survey could hold employed some more parametric quantities to measure the clinical result more accurately and exactly gain ground surveies can be done, to analyse the effects of dynamic splint in bilateral TKA.Further surveies can be done, to compare the effects of dynamic splint in one-sided and bilateral TKA.Bibliography1. David J. Magee, Orthopedic Physical Assessment, Second edition, W.B. Saunders company London 1992.2. Kothari C.R interrogation methodological analysis methods and techniques, wiswaprakasan.3. Robert Dontelli orthopedic P.T4. Bent And Brotzmen Orthopaedic Rehabilitation.5. Carolyn Kisner & A Lynn Allen Colby Therapeutic Exercises Foundation & A Techniques, New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers 1996, third gear edition.6. Carrie M.Hall, Therapeutic Exercise traveling towards map, Walters kluwer company.7. Jayant Joshi, Essentials of orthopaedicss & A ap plied physical therapy, New Delhi B.I. Churchill Livingstone pvt Ltd 1993.8. T.S. Ranganathan, A Text book of Human Anatomy, New Delhi, S Chand & A company, 1990 Fourth Edition9. B.D Chaurasia, Human Anatomy Third edition, CBS Publishers New Delhi.10. Carolyn M. Hicks & A Research for Physiotherapist, Project design analysis, Second add-on, Churchill populating rock, New York, Tokyo.11. Cynthia C. Norkin Pamela K. Levangies joint construction & A Function, Third edition.12. Graies anatomy erectile dysfunction 13, 189913. J.Maheshwari, MS ortho essestial orthopedicss.14. Jagmohan singh text book of electrotherapy 3rd edition 200515. Ann Thomson et Al tidy s physical therapy, London, butterworth, heinman, 191 12th edition16. Patricia A. Downie, hard currency text edition of orthopedicss & A Rheumatology for physical therapist, jaypee brothers, 1993 1st edition.17. Mayilvahanan Natarajan text book of orthopedicss & A tramatology 4th edition.18. Susan B.O.sullaivan, physical rehabi litation appraisal & A intervention, 4th edition jaypee brothers, new Delhi 200119. Joan M. Walker, Antonie helewa, physical therapy in arthritis, A division of hartcourt brace & A company.APPENDICIESAppendix 1Basic rating chartPOST OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENTSubjective AppraisalNameAgeSexual activity M/F argumentAddressDate of AdmissionReferred byDate of surgerySide operated Right / LeftHeight WeightIP/OP figureChief ailments full of life marksTemperature ( Beat/Min )Pulse rate ( F )Respiratory Rate ( mm/Hg ) Blood Pressure ( Breaths/min )Pain appraisalSide of hurtingSite of hurtingType of hurtingNature of hurtingDuration of hurtingIntensityWorsening factorsReliving factorsRating of hurting by ocular / parallel gradational tableNo hurtingSlight hurtingModerate hurtingSevere hurting012345678910Medical recordI ) Past Medical History Any old disease or hurttwo ) Present Medical HistoryOnsetDurationIntensityWorsening factorsActivities of day-to-day lifethree ) P ersonal History Smoker or intoxicantfour ) History of occupationV ) Surgical historyName of sawbonesOn PalpationInflammatory marks Warmth and TendernessCrackleMuscles cramp ironOedema Piting / Non PitingOn ExaminationMusculo skeletalJoint ROMJointMotionActivePassivePain freePain fullPain freePain fullHipFlexureExtensionAbductionAdductionExternal rotary motionInternal rotary motionKneeFlexureExtensionMedical rotary motionLateral rotary motionAnkleDorsiflexionPlantarflexionInversionEversionMuscle powerMuscle blowing quadricepsDeep sinew ReflexesDeformitesLimb length measuringsGait AssessmentType of paceMeasure lengthStride lengthBase breadthCadanceExternal contraptions ( Splints or orthosis )Type of walking AIDSsRespiratory AssessmentType of respiration ( Thoraco Abdomen, Abdomino thoracic )Pattern of respiration ( dissymmetry or Symmetry )Depth of respiration ( shallow or deep )Accessory musculuss of respirationChest enlargementa? Axillaa? pabluma? XiphisternumFunctional Apprai salProblem listManagementShort term directionPurposesLong-run directionShort term managemMeanssLong-run directionAPPENDIX 2DYNASPLINT SYSTEM, RANGE OF MOTION AND COMMON DIAGNOSESFOR ORTHOPAEDICAL CONDITIONS1. Knee extension dynasplint system ( ked )ROM=65 flexure to 25 hyperextension2. Knee flexure dynasplint system ( kfd ) ROM=50 flexure to 140 flexureCommon DIAGNOSES ( extension & A flexure )Entire articulatio genus replacings, Tibial tableland breaks, Tendon and ligament fixs ( ACL, PCL ) , Open decrease internal arrested development ( ORIF ) , Burns, Meniscectomy, Tendon releasesFOR NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS1. Knee extension neurological dynasplint system ( ken ) ROM=130 flexure to 40 flexure2. Double-jointed articulatio genus extension dynasplint system ( ked-dj ) ROM=130 flexure to 50 hyperextensionCommon DIAGNOSESHead injury and spinal cord hurts, rational paralysis ( CP ) , intellectual vascular accident ( CVA ) , and other neurological conditions.FOR AMPUTEE1. Knee amputee extension dynasplint system ( bka-ed ) ROM=65 flexure to 25 hyperextensionCommon DIAGNOSESdistal limb remotionAppendix 3GONIOMETRY OF THE KNEEGestureRecommended Testing PositionStabilizationCenterProximal ArmDistal ArmStartEndFlexureSupine, articulatio genus in ext. Initially hip in 00 ext, abd, add, but as articulatio genus flexes, hip besides flexesStabilize thighbone to forestall rotary motion, abduction & A adductionOver sidelong epicondyle of thighboneLateral midplane of thighbone, citing greater trochanterLateral midplane of calf bone, mention sidelong malleolus & A fibular caputhypertext transfer protocol //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnExt.jpghypertext transfer protocol //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnFlex.jpgExtensionSupine, articulatio genus in ext. Hip in 00 ext, abd, attention deficit disorder.Stabilize thighbone to forestall rotary motion, abduction & A adductionOver sidelong epicondyle of thighboneLateral midplane of thighbone, citing greater trochanterLateral midplane of calf bone, mention sidelong malleolus & A fibular caputhypertext transfer protocol //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnExt.jpghypertext transfer protocol //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnExt.jpg

Lims

LIMS In the typical scientific testing ground there is a large amount of data that must be queered and analysed. In my current trim setting we collect data from outside laboratories, analyse the data, and then return the data. We serve well thousands of samples per week. This makes caterpillar tracking and sorting the data very cumbersome. We basic tout ensembley serve as a clearinghouse for data to be batched out to our customers, the independent researcher. Our laboratory considers itself a high-throughput sequencing centre. Our daily objective is to make the lab more modifyd. We be continu bothy striving to use more robots or automated data entry.For automated data entry we use bar codes. Bar coding tends to start out fewer errors in data entry. It also on the wholeows us to generate a greater amount of information for any given sample. The more we can automate the process the more samples we are able to put through the system. Each of the independent researchers in the company is looking for a particular disease by identifying the disease-causing gene. Once the gene has been located the researcher must get the DNA sequence from the gene. That is our job. We at the sequencing centre take the DNA sample, with the gene, and run the sample on our automated machines.Once the sample has been analysed we put the analysed sample, also known as the DNA sequence, into a database that the researcher can access. This is a very general idea of what the Sequencing shopping center does. The role of the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is to keep track of this data. The accuracy of the LIMS is crucial for an efficient and effective workflow. The analysed sample must be integrated with the fructify sample name that the researcher gives to the Sequencing Centre. This means that everything must be entered into the database correctly. The data must also exist in a safe and affable database.The data flow can be characterized in the following contex t diagram. We have just begun the implementation of a pertly LIMS system. Hopefully this analysis testament help to guide our laboratory as we move towards its implementation. LIMS Functionality Different LIMS systems offer a variety of actality. The systems have developed from simple data entry and come in storage to complex relational database driven tools. They now offer enhanced formality often prison terms bequeathd over the wireless networks and company intranet, allowing greater flexibility for inspections in international and difficult environments Regulations and ComplianceThe functionality of the LIMS system is far greater than just tracking and reporting on samples. LIMS systems must often comply with regulations that affect the user, for example a maker of pharmaceuticals is obliged to operate infra the cGMP 21 CFR Part 210 Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Processing, Packing, or Holding of Drugs. Other regulations that LIMS systems must o perate under include HIPAA, ISO 9001, and ISO 15189. It is strategic for systems to have the ability to accept e-signatures, as well as offer audit trails and chain of custody.These types of functionality are needed to ensure that the correct persons have access to the sample and the results of the sample inspection Equipment Calibration and Maintenance When inspections are carried out the equipment employ to extract the sample and to test the sample must be maintained correctly and calibrated so that there are no errors introduced into the test results. The LIMS system should contain maintenance records of the equipment used in examination so that notifications can be generated to perform regular preventive maintenance.With some instruments and equipment, the requirement may include normalisation after a certain arrive of uses, for example the use of a depth micrometre may require that it is calibrated after 50 uses or every month, whichever comes first. LIMS systems can also contain the calibration instructions so that a notification and a calibration instruction sheet can be sent to the maintenance department or a specialty outside vendor. LIMS Expansion Pre-1982 Laboratory notebooks and handwritten reports/charts were used to track and report information.In-house information systems were configured by a few laboratories. Custom-built LIMS became gettable from third-party vendors. 1982 The first commercial LIMS, known as first generation (1G) LIMS, are introduced. These 1G LIMS placed laboratory functions onto a single minicomputer, providing greater lab productionivity and functionality as well as the first automated reporting capabilities. 1988 Second generation (2G) LIMS become available. 2G LIMS used the available market technology of third-party commercial relational databases (RDB) to provide application-specific solutions.Most 2G LIMS relied on minicomputers, but PC-based solutions were beginning to emerge. 1991 The move toward open systems us hered in third generation (3G) LIMS, which combined the PCs easy to use interface and standardized desktop tools with the advocate and security of minicomputer servers in a client/server configuration. 1995 Fourth generation (4G) LIMS decentralize the architecture further. Processing can be performed anywhere on the network. Thus, all clients and servers can operate in either capacity depending upon the data load at any particular instance Pros and ConsMost LIMS products allow the laboratory to register work requests print analytical worksheets monitor and communicate sample/technique backlogs schedule work acquire and store analytical data monitor the quality of all analytical work approve analytical data for client release print and store analytical reports and invoices protect the security of all data track and locate samples in storage track and communicate all quality control in the laboratory provide laboratory counselling with production and monetary statistics and with cl ient information, e. . , names, addresses, sales figures, etc. An appropriately intentional and installed LIMS can quickly bring accuracy and accessibility to the flow of samples and data in any laboratory. The rattling value of a LIMS is the ability to maximize sample throughput and denigrate labour costs. Laboratory throughput is improved in a number of different ways. The most limpid gain in productivity occurs through the elimination of data entry via on-line instruments. Also, there will be a significant decrease in data entry errors.Finally, the up-to-date sample in-flow data available from a typical LIMS allows laboratory supervisors and patio personnel to better schedule analytical work, minimize downtime and maximize batch size. Some other effects are that there are better visible quality control checks and centralized data. The ability to monitor, track and communicate data and quality control information gives the laboratory the tools to improve methods and work prac tices. The end result is that people in the lab able to process more samples per hour worked. The problems Rushed or Incomplete introductionLIMS installation can be expensive. As a result laboratory management has a tilt to reduce costs by shortening the time spent on-site by the design team. In addition, several installation phases may be required in order to allow laboratory personnel time to learn and apply each LIMS feature before adding the next. Effective communication between the bench personnel and the design team is key to ensuring a victorful project. The best way to facilitate this communication is by extending and phasing the installation. Lack of Technician Access to the LIMSA problem that arises in some organizations as laboratory and support ply begin to use the system is a failure to recognize and remove access bottlenecks. For a LIMS to function smoothly all personnel must have their own access point. Access expansion can usually be spread over sextet to eighte en months as the laboratory assimilates the LIMS and usage ontogenys. Design/S lintel Procedure The design/scoping stage prior to acquiring our LIMS has involved the review and analysis of available bundle product/hardware packages as well as the definition and documentation of our laboratorys requirements.The error here is could be that bench personnel are excluded from the process. To respond this problem we have had frequent meetings with the personnel in our lab. Some laboratories might go into a LIMS program believing that future requirements for bench level watchfulness will be reduced or eliminated. It has been recognized by many that LIMS is simply a tool and as such cannot manage the laboratory or take the place of personnel supervision. A LIMS will effectively provide current, reliable and complete operational data.The easy access to accurate data allows management to significantly enhance the quality and cannonball along of decision making. Decision making becomes b ased more on fact rather than instincts. Many LIMS products tend to function more like method of accounting or financial databases. This could be related to the educational and work experience of most software professionals. The demand for financial and accounting database packages means that the software industry is more familiar with this type of requirement than with a highly technical application like a LIMS.Thus, the average software professional does not usually have the background to effectively interpret a laboratorys requirements. This communication problem can manifest itself in LIMS systems that do not easily fit into laboratory operations. Often the laboratory must significantly alter procedures and work flow in order to set to the LIMS. This requirement for wholesale change significantly complicates LIMS installations and it might have poor acceptance and commitment support personnel to the project. A similar problem often occurs in large organizations with dedicated Information System (IS), departments.Significant conflict and problems can arise when IS personnel recommend the most up-to-date hardware or software architecture regardless of the functionality, fit or overall cost to the laboratory. The end result of this process is that the laboratory must undergo significant change in order to conform to the product purchased. In the extreme case laboratories can wind-up having to increase overhead, e. g. , more data handling, in order to use LIMS systems that have been designed not for the laboratory but for the accounting or production departments.The keys to success are flexibility, adaptability, ease of evolution and support, and most importantly overall system speed. The speed issue is very critical as bench personnel will not use something that is slow or awkward. If the system saves bench personnel time they will quickly buy into the project and aggressively move the process away. The key in any LIMS development should be to achieve a bu lk of the desired functionality without compromising system speed. Most laboratories need time to assimilate a LIMS before being able to take full advantage of all of its features.As a result of this break-in period the more complex features can usually be postponed a year or two without affecting the success of the program. 17 This implementation delay may also allow laboratory personnel the chance to provide more scuttlebutt into the critical final stages of system optimization. Installation Stage The goal of any LIMS installation must be to acquire a system that will make the jobs of bench personnel easier and thus increase the efficiency of the organization. In order to be successful, the LIMS system must be accepted and welcomed by the bench personnel.Often the first contact front-line personnel have with the new system is during installation, long after all decisions have been made. This situation often leads to significant software and LIMS configuration problems that requir e major software re-writes, hardware retro-fits and/or disruptive organizational changes. In addition, analytical and support staff are more likely to resist the new system if they have had little input into its design and operational characteristics. The installation phase of a LIMS program is critical to the overall success of the project.It is during LIMS installation that personnel must be taught how to use the product and where the software designers get their first view of how the LIMS will fit into and function in the laboratory. The installation phase of a LIMS project can take from weeks to months depending on the size of the laboratory and the complexity of the project. No Staff Training Bench personnel must be taught how to use the LIMS. As with any subject laboratory staff must be taught progressively so that personnel have a chance to use and apply what they learn.In laboratories where the LIMS training has been available and sustained the staff will be using the LIMS a t a similar level. This consistency of approach builds team work and staff efficiency increases. In laboratories where training has not been a priority, staff will be using the LIMS at different levels. This situation can create a great deal of competition in the laboratory as turf wars erupt over the adoption of new or unused LIMS features. Poorly trained staff fears the new features and as a result delay or resist their implementation.Poor Feedback Mechanism As noted above communication is a key component of any successful LIMS project. It is important that laboratories make sure that a well-developed feedback mechanism is put in place during the installation of a LIMS so that laboratory personnel can bring forward problems and see quick resolution. Staff often hesitate to bring forward complaints and will instead work around the problem. One successful approach that has been used by organizations to solve this problem has been regular procedural audits.The process required to per form an audit usually brings to light LIMS defects or problems that staff have been coping with. This is has already been implemented for other laboratory procedures in our lab. Conclusion Companies require that quality is part of every link in the supply chain, whether it is raw sensible at a vendors facility or finished goods delivered to a customer. To ensure that the quality personnel are able to achieve the optimum results, a Laboratory Information Management System is vital to that success.

Personal Theory Paper Essay

Throughout my dumbfound my current note, Theories and Practices Human Services in Criminal Justice, I have learned plenty of randomness about the various theories of psychotherapy in counseling. Some of these theories operate on the basis of recognizing errors in sentiment and correcting those errors. Other theories operate on the basis of multiculturalism and the fact that wholly clients are grotesque and deserve to be treated as such. As a result of learning from my readings and of my discussions with class mates, I was able to stool my own intervention theory for counseling. Explanation of Theory and why I believe in itevery student in a human service course should be able to develop his or her own intervention theory by the time the course ends. My personal theory pass on dissemble both cognitive and multicultural approaches to therapy. Cognitive approaches to therapy operate on the assumption that by correcting the clients faulty beliefs, they flowerpot learn to behav e more appropriately, how to guess differently, and how to act on these learnings (Jones-Smith, 2012). On the other hand, Multicultural approaches to therapy purport that counseling theories represent various views of the world with their own values, biases, and assumptions about human behavior, and that all clients are unique in many way and that their individual differences must be both accepted and respected (Jones-Smith, 2012).I believe in combining these approaches to therapy for my theory for a few reasons. First, I have always theme that offenders within the savage justice system need to recognize their errors in opinion before they will be able to change their behaviors to be in accordance with the law. Plus, as a future employee of the criminal justice system who will most likely be working in human services, I need to be able to work with clients from various cultural backgrounds andto accept and recognized their differences. Combining these 2 theories is the beave r way for me to be able to help all of my future potential clients in the best way possible.Theories and Theorists I Relate the Most to and whyAfter reading all of the material for this course, I found that I refer to a few of the theories and theorist better than I do others. For instance, I found that I can relate to Albert Ellis and his Rational Emotive Behavior Theory or REBT. wizard of the reasons that I can relate to this theory and theorist is because it is a cognitive approach to therapy, which I moot is very important for offenders to take part in for the best chances of living a crime-free life. Plus, REBT is based on the belief that people are born with a potential for irrational or rational thinking (Jones-Smith, 2012). In addition, REBT maintains that people are born constructivists and have a great deal of resources for human increment (Jones-Smith, 2012). I have always made these assumptions about people, which is also why I can relate to this theory.I can also re late to Hos theory of internalized purification, which suggests that the formations of our worldviews are influenced by eternalized culture (Jones-Smith, 2012). In addition, the theory suggests that effective multicultural counseling is based on the counselors cogency to go beyond the boundaries and limitations of his or her personal culture (Jones-Smith, 2012). I can relate to this because I think that it is necessary to be able to look past my personal beliefs and experiences to be able to help a wide range of clients. Relating to these theories and theorists has helped me to develop my own personal intervention theory that I will be able to use in my future career.What Surprised me most about the Theories and whySome of the theories and concepts from this course took me by surprise. For instance, it took me by surprise that there are theories and theorists created specifically for feminist and the LGBT communities. Although I realize that all types of people have issues that th ey need to address in therapy, I never thought that specific remedial techniques were developed for feminist and LGBT communities. However, it does make sense that the LGBT community would have genuine issues that other people whitethorn not have to face. In addition, I was a bit surprised at the variety of theories andapproaches that are used for Asians, Muslims, and Arabs.What surprised me about these theories is that they were very different from many of the theories generally used by our culture. In addition, I did not fully understand how the differences in these cultures played such a large type in how to approach these populations with therapy. However, I did find them interesting, and considered many of the concepts for use in my personal intervention theory. level(p) though these theories took me by surprise, I recognize their importance in psychotherapy approaches to counseling.ConclusionAll of the theories of psychotherapy discussed in this course are effective for sp ecific people with specific needs. Despite the fact that some of the theories were surprising, they all have merit and can be effective with the right client. Even though I recognize the importance of all of the theories and theorists, I was able to relate to some more than others. After relating to certain theories and theorists, I was able to develop my own personal intervention theory based on cognitive and multicultural approaches to therapy. My personal intervention theory, along with the rest of the theories and concepts discussed in this course will guide me along my journey of employment as a juvenile probation officer in the future.ReferencesJones-Smith, E. (2012). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy An unifying Approach. Sage Publications.

A Brief History Of The Internet Origins

By default, any definitive history of the net es moveial be short, since the net income (in one form or another) has only been in existence for less than 30 years. The front most(prenominal) iteration of the Internet was launched in 1971 with a public showing in early 1972. This original network, known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was very primitive by todays standards, but a milepost in computer communications. ARPANET was based upon the design concepts of Larry Roberts (MIT) and was fleshed out at the prototypical ACM symposium, held in Gaithersburg, TN in 1966, although RFPs werent sent out until mid 1968.The discussion section of Defense in 1969 commissioned ARPANET, and the first node was created at the University of atomic number 20 in Los Angeles, running on a Honeywell DDP-516 mini-computer. The second node was established at Stanford University and launched on October first of the same year. On November 1, 1969, the third node was located at the University of California, Santa Barbara and the fourth was opened at the University of do in December. By 1971 15 nodes were linked including BBN, CMU, CWRU, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, MIT, NASA/Ames, RAND, SDC, SRI and UIU(C).In that same year, Larry Roberts created the first email counsel program. As a side note, Ray Tomlinson is the person who established the sign as a arena/host designator from his Model 33 Teletype. The first international connection to ARPANET is established when the University College of London is connected in 1973, and RFC-454 File Transfer Protocol was published. 1973 was likewise the year that Dr. Robert Metcalfs doctoral thesis outlined the specifications for Ethernet. The theory was well-tried on Xerox PARCs computers. 974 saw the launch of TELNET public packet data service.UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol) was demonstrable at AT&T Bell Labs in 1976, and distributed with UNIX the following year. 1978 saw the split of transmission control protocol into transmission control protocol and IP. In 1979 the first MUD (Multi-User Domain) was created by Dr. Richard Bartle and Roy Trubshaw from the University of Essex, and was the foundation for multi-player games (among other things). This event marked the gradual decline of productivity over the Internet. In 1981 a cooperative network between CUNY (City University of New York) and Yale was established.This network was called BITNET (Because Its There NETwork) and was knowing to provide electronic mail transfer and list serve services between the two institutions. RFC-801 NCP/TCP Transition Plan was published that same year. It was because of the growing interconnectivity of new networks that the phrase Internet was coined in 1982, and the Department of Defense also declared TCP/IP to be its defacto standard. The first allude server was developed in 1983 at the University of Wisconsin, allowing users to entree systems without having to know the exact path to the server.1983 also saw the transition from NCP to TCP/IP, and it was at this same time that ARPANET was split into ARPANET and MILNET. 68 of the current 113 existing nodes were assigned to MILNET. It was also in 1983 that a San Francisco programmer, Tom Jennings wrote the first FidoNet Bulletin Board System, which was capable of allowing both email and message fugitive over the Internet between networked BBSs by 1988. In 1984, the number of hosts on the Internet broke 1000, and DNS (Domain hollo Services) was introduced.Moderated newsgroups also made their first appearance this year, although it would be almost a year and a half before NNTP (Network New Transfer Protocol) would be introduced. In 1985, the WELL (Whole Earth Lectronic Link) was launched out of Sausalito California, allowing San Francisco Bay surface area users free access to the Internet. The Internet had grown so fast, and to such large proportions by this time that approximately control was needed to oversee its expansion, so in 1986, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) came into existence under the IAB.1988 Saw the advent of IRC (Internet Relay Chat), developed by Jarkko Oikarinen, and it can be safely assumed that the first Hot Chat took place very in short afterwards. By 1989 the number of Internet hosts had capped 100,000, and the first commercial Internet mail service was created by MCI. In 1990, ARPANET was finally closed down and ceased to exist. Two other notable events this year include the deprivation of ARCHIE by Peter Deutsch, Alan Emtage, and Bill Heelan at McGill, and the first remotely controlled machine to be linked to the Internet a toaster (controlled by SNMP).1991 was the year what WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers), was released by Brewster Kahle, of Thinking Machines Corporation capital of Minnesota Lindner and Mark P. McCahill released Gopher from the University of Minnesota, and most notably, World-Wide Web was released by Tim Berners- Lee of CERN. By 1992 the number of hosts on the Internet had exceeded 1,000,000 and the first MBONE audio multicast was made. In 1993 InternNIC was created by, the National Science Foundation (NSF). InterNIC provided a centralized organization for domain name registration, and play alongs to regulate that function today.As the great, unwashed hordes began to flood into the Internet, it was only natural that vendors would soon follow. So in 1995, the first Internet based shopping mall was opened on the World Wide Web. It was also in this year that the World Wide Web edged out FTP as the most popular service on the Internet. In 1995, Compuserve, America Online and Prodigy opened up Internet access portals, and hundreds of thousands of commercial users flooded into what had previously been the private domain of veteran computer users.The average IQ dropped dramatically at this point. Since 1995, some of the new and/or emerging technologies have included Server Push, Multicasting, Stre aming Media, E-Commerce, asp and XML. Although the Internet started out of military necessity, it is doubtful that its creators could envision its impact, not only on the American cultivation or the world in general, but on the future of the human race. The Internet will continue to grow and evolve in the years to come, becoming an indispensable channel of communication and a gun for human evolution.

Education and Humanity Promotion Essay

I have been thinking of the ideas which I would choose to achieve the world a better place to live. One would be to get rid of racism with come out racism, the world would certainly be the better place. Donation basic essentials, volunteering time to share concerns and encouraging embrace toward muckle with disadvantage dressinggrounds are other ways to build a better world. The last but non least is ending wars. Besides wasting m unrivalledy and human power wars destroyed cultural and honourable values in the most drastic ways. Being treated fairly and respectfully no involvement of race, age, religion and disabilities is one of the most nonesuch wish for every one of us. These are always the ideal wishes from of all of us, that we carry deep in our hearts, and have been wishing them to become true since the beginning of time. In fact, those ideas count to be part of human nature, but wars, on the other hand also seem to be part of human nature. Many solutions were suggested , but it seemed very little of them would be applied in the reality. Perhaps the idea called Humanity Education could get to the root of the problems and that would be One Thing I Would Strongly Wish to Implement to Make the World a Better Place.Recently, I listened to a vocaliser at an event sponsored by the National Society of Leadership and Success program. The presenter was Blake Mycoskie, who established the TOMS seat brand. He shared with the audience about how his current business was started and how it is doing. At first no one could imagine how simple his goals were. Back in 2006, he and his commission group visited Argentina trying to service poor people, especially kids to go to school. The image of kids going to school with bare feet or with worn out shoes immediately changed his views about the real lives out there. Then, to accomplish his mission to help people, he went back to America and started his non-profit business that is TOMS (Tomorrow) now, Shoes for Tomorr ow. The goal of TOMS over time is still You buy a couple on today, we give a pair away tomorrow, and his speech that night blew the audiences minds with his way of making a better world. How a much better this world could be if we had more TOMS