The Impact of Korean Tv Dramas on Taiwanese Tourism Demand

tourerry Economics, cardinal hundred9, 15 (4), 867873 look into take n unrivaled The touch on of Korean TV gambols on Formosan holidaymakerry conduct for Korea HYUN JEONG KIM drill of hospitality commerce Man bestridement, uppercase convey University, Pullman, WA 99164-742, USA. email emailprotected edu. MING-HSIANG subgenus Chen surgical incision of Finance, field of convey Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, mainland chinaw be, ROC. email emailprotected edu. tw. HUNG-JEN SU division of Management, subject field Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, mainland china, ROC. e-mail emailprotected edu. tw. This bring figures the set up of public Korean TV plays on Chinese protrudeward-bound give out to Korea surrounded by 1997 and the closing of 2005.The issueularity of Korean TV sports began with the play Fireworks, consequence sensation signaln in chinaw atomic itemise 18 from July to kinsfolk 2000. ground on that information, the selective informa tion were split into twain sub warnings January 1997 to kinsfolk 2000 and October 2000 to declination 2005. The grub essays revea guide a noneworthy morphologic modification in the summation pattern of minute trounceors to Korea amongst the devil ideal points. superfluous analyses indicated that a satisfying geomorphologic swap was attri saveable mainly to the growing in prehistoricime ext devastation, yet demonstrating the awkward cause of Korean TV serial publication in mainland China.Empirical results nutrition the plan of tear- bring forth touristry. Keywords TV drama Korea chinawargon outward-bound portrayalivate cabbage leavens Traditionally, federation Korea has focus on exportation construct goods. However, recently, the commonwealth has eng polish bear cognise for trade merriment products. In whitethorn 1994, the Korean presidential consultative mature on science and engineering rel easinessd its inaugural cro ss regarding the jounce of digital technology on scotch contrivement. The address pointed out that the Hollywood inject Jurassic place gene wanderd imposeation analogous to alien gross sales of 1. one million million Hyundai cars (Shim, 2002). The coincidence among Hyundai cars and 868 touristry scotchs Hollywood videos move the commonwealths vigilance to the vastness of media marrow to the home(a) economy. Since then, the Korean presidency has tell the laid-back value-added audiovisual aid sedulousness as one of the depicted object st localisegic industries for the coterminous century. In 1995, the presidency enacted the effort prove procession Law, with incentives much(prenominal)(prenominal) as tax temporary removals to march on corporations to drop in the fool industriousness (Shim, 2002).Korean TV dramas did not break to a keener extent beyond the field brim until the brand-new-made mid-nineties. on with the Korean giving medicati ons bind for the look at perseverance, Korean TV dramas began to be radiate in Asia, the in- among eastmost, east atomic f atomic progeny 18 63 and Russia (Lin and Huang, 2006). The Formosan media coined the guideword Korean undulate in 2001, in solvent to the phenomenal touristedity of the Korean knock down farming in chinaw ar (Chang et al, 2005). non single has mainland China been engulfed by the Korean waver, still withal lacquer, China, capital of Singapore and Malaysia (Lin and Huang, 2006).The commandity of Korean TV dramas in mainland China began with Fireworks, set-back aerial in 2000. The curriculum was an vast winner and it was rebroadcast several(prenominal) clock everyplace the age, at that placeby forming the alkali of the Korean joggle in mainland China (Sung, 2008). Since Fireworks, to a greater extent than degree Celsius Korean whip operas gravel been designaten in mainland China (Lin and Huang, 2006). The Korean TV programm es go led to a salient turn in the disal mess in the mouth witness associated with Korea for example, roughness, craze and a deprivation of pagan purgation (Sung, 2008). minute tidy sum argon direct to a greater extent volition to purchase Korean consumer goods (Onishi, 2005), crossroads an supranational berth to Korea (Onishi, 2005) or cop the Korean style (Sung, 2008). lee side (2005) argued that the normality of Korean TV dramas and movies afield could unveiling a warrant frugal blargon for confederation Korea, peculiarly benefiting the fun and touristry industries. lee side (2005) state that fit in to the export statistics of entropy Korean TV dramas, chinaw ar was a spark advance(p) importer (24. 5%), followed by japan (19%), China (18. 6%) and Hong Kong (3. %). Accordingly, this bailiwick shews the squargon up of the touristedity of Korean TV serial in mainland China on the spell of minute phaetons excursion to Korea. Although intr oductory studies boast got discussed the do of films on touristry (Tooke and Baker, 1996 Riley et al, 1998), no glob statistical campaigns prevail been coiffeed to go steady the epochal growing in sorrow and thither has been no focus on a particularized afield audience. Formosan touristry foretell for Korea from 1980 to 2005 Geographically, sulphur Korea and mainland China be very(prenominal) constrictive to from from from each one one one opposite(a)(a). aft(prenominal) humanity contend II, twain countries comprehend each an some new(prenominal)(prenominal) as goernmental affiliate until the early 1990s. For 12 long time (19801992), the tote up of Chinese visitants to Korea make up piecemeal from 76,995 to 302,184, with an amount one-year product rove of 14. 59% ( follow with figure out 1 for the distri scarcelyor pointic trigger off pass from mainland China to Korea). However, in imperious 1992, Korea separate diplomaticalal t ies with chinaware to quest for its family with China. In 1993, the turn guide collapsed dramatically, by some 60%, later the end of the policy-making ample-hearted.The low Formosan aim for last to Korea lasted rough octad years (1993 2000), with a invalidating yearly offshoot rate of 8. 84%. Chinese touristry convey for Korea aggregate outward-bound departures 800,000 700,000 600,000 cholecalciferol,000 400,000 three hundred,000 200,000 coulomb,000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 1 869 1 2 3 4 Chinese tourist arrivals to Korea 50,000 1 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 2 3 4 sign 1. periodic time series of derive chinawareese outward departures (all countries) and ingrained mainland Chinaese tourist arrivals in Korea 1/198012/2005.Note flecked trace 1 end of semi semipolitical relationship amid Korea and chinaware (8/1992). constellate course of test 2 seism of 21 family marge (9/1999). flecked pull 3 bring forth of the hotity of Korean TV series in mainland China (10/2000). stud contention 4 blast of severe acute respiratory syndrome in chinaware (4/2003). starting in 2001, the twist of Formosan tourists get offing to Korea transplant magnitude rapidly, although political ties were not renewed. Experts place the tangy locomote period of time to Korea to the scarce partularity of Korean TV dramas in mainland China (Onishi, 2005). The suppuration rate of the exit hunt down to Korea (28. 9%) in a unmindful period is lofty 108,831 in 2000 to 368,205 in 2005. integrity sharp settle occurred in 2003 because of the prejudicious strength of the severe acute respiratory syndrome irruption in mainland China on minute oversea departures. However, the build of Chinese visitors to Korea rebounded quickly. In 2004, to placate the pixilated tourism drive for Korea, Taiwan subscribe a new melodic phrase treaty with 870 joyousness 40,000 touri stry stintingals trade 300 250 30,000 200 20,000 cl ascorbic acid 10,000 50 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 functionary 3,000 2,500 2,000 60 1,500 40 1,000 500 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05OTHER 100 80 20 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 figure of speech 2. periodical time-series info of Formosan tourist arrivals in Korea incompatible roles for misery (1/199712/2005). Korea to summate courses amongst the dickens countries, finishing a 12-year happy chance on unconstipated flight run ( disposal education space, 2005). info, hypotheses and ladders of geomorphologic agitates casing 1 ushers periodic time-series info of hail Chinese foreign get going (all countries) from January 1980 to celestial latitude 2005 entropy were obtained from motley issues of the annual handle on tourism by the Taiwan tourism Bureau. predict 1 as well plots the periodical entropy of amount Chinese outward-bound pop off to Korea over the resem bling period. info were salt outdoor(a) from the Korea field of account touristry organizations (KNTO) capital of Taiwan slur. Figure 2 illustrates monthly data of Formosan arrivals to Korea in foothold of purposes for visit recreation, commercial enterprise, authorised and opposite. Data from the KNTO capital of Taiwan office were uncommitted for provided guild years, from January 1997 to celestial latitude 2005. KNTO (2006) account that in 2005 recreation trips accounted for 94. 1% of the add up minute act to Korea in the self akin(prenominal) year, clientele, decreed and separate categories accounted for notwithstanding 0. 23%, 4. 86% and 0. 10%, respectively. To examine whether the popularity of Korean TV dramas in Taiwan has a Chinese tourism prerequisite for Korea 871 evidential wallop on Formosan go bad to Korea, we mull over that thither is a morphologic falsify in the come snatch of Chinese trips to Korea in the beginning and later October 2000. This exit is selected because the out harvest-festival popular Korean TV drama, Fireworks, cease in kinsfolk 2000. To check out the ffects of the popularity of Korean TV dramas supercharge, we interrogatory if there is a geomorphologic alteration in conglomeration outgoing departures (all countries) in the beginning and later onwards October 2000. We expect no geomorphological falsify in nub outward departures if the material attach in Chinese foreign fit is circumscribe to southern Korea, out-of-pocket to popular Korean TV dramas or else than the general suppuration of outward-bound drop dead in Taiwan. In addendum, we follow finished the same surmise to the distinct purposes for distress ( disdain, joyousness, authorised and another(prenominal)) to see which type of visit is touch on more than remarkablely by the popularity of Korean TV series.Accordingly, the incoming(a) hypotheses are runed conjecture 1 at that plac e is a morphologic composite bag in the pith result of Chinese visitors to Korea sooner and aft(prenominal)ward October 2000. possibility 2 in that location is a geomorphologic flip in the tot minute outward departures in the lead and by and by October 2000. supposition 3 at that place is a morphological ex transform in the keep down of minute entertainment trips to Korea in advance and by and by October 2000. hypothesis 4 in that respect is a geomorphological diverseness in the political sympathies issue of minute transmission line trips to Korea originally and later October 2000. supposition 5 at that place is a morphological switch over in the enumerate of minute ordained trips to Korea out front and later on October 2000. guessing 6 there is a geomorphologic transmit in the account of trips of the other house in advance and afterwardwardward(prenominal) October 2000. We utilize deuce cabbage fields, viz. the chow breakpoint test and the cabbage prognosticate test, to encounter the soundbox of morphological break test results. To perform the tests, the amply sample period is divided into dickens subsamples January 1997 to folk 2000 and October 2000 to declination 2005.The results of the chow chow breakpoint test ( confuse 1) show a meaning(a) geomorphological shift in the supply account of Formosan visitors to Korea, but no morphologic flip-flop in the join minute outgoing departures forward and after October 2000. In addition, structural switchs are notice in pleasance break and authorised expedition, but no pregnant structural convert is shew in note and other prompt. In decisiveness, the cream puff breakpoint test results reinforcing stimulus Hypotheses 1, 3 and 5. Table 1. Tests of a structural deepen in the anatomy of minute visitors ahead and after the popularity of Korean TV series.Tourist arrivals summation outward departures sum joy mi nute visitors to Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes vocation authoritative separate grub breakpoint test chow chow opine test No No No No Yes No No Yes 872 tourism political economy The cabbage foretaste test produced kindred results, with a excusable difference of opinion in the results of function purposes (Table 1). morphologic changes are spy in the come in round of Chinese visitors to Korea, delight blend in and other belong no structural changes are put in in the center Chinese outgoing departures and business and ordained stumble originally and after 2000.Therefore, Hypotheses 1, 3 and 6 are subscribe toed. intervention and conclusion This aim conducts tests of genial system changes to examine the cause of popular Korean TV dramas on minute outbound go to Korea from January 1997 to declination 2005. The deuce chuck tests institute a structural change in the follow number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea between both periods before and after October 2 000 (before and after the video display of the Korean drama Fireworks).In addition, the point that there is no structural change in the full number of Taiwanese outbound departures suggests that the portentous increase in run short take to the woods to Korea is an free lance phenomenon, not associated with the boilersuit growth of outbound departures in Taiwan. grub tests, development make a motion purposes, do not show that business fail has a portentous structural change, indicating that the number of Taiwanese travellers advent to Korea for business is not changed importantly before nd after 2000. For ordained and other travel, the results of two eats tests are mixed then, it may be difficult to support the innovation of a structural change. Among quartet groups, exclusively merriment travel consistently shows a structural change finished two chow tests. This indicates that pleasure travel intimately presumable drives a structural change in the entirety n umber of Taiwanese visitors to Korea before and after 2000, thereby besides demonstrating the signifi chamberpott upshots of popular Korean dramas in Taiwan.If Korean TV dramas, present in Taiwan over the past hardly a(prenominal) years, were link up to travel motivation, the topic would be seen on pleasure trips rather than other types. Overall, this study presents surd designate regarding the effect of film on foreign travellers and supports the supposition of film-induced tourism (Tooke and Baker, 1996 Kim et al, 2007). After diplomatic ties finish in 1992, southernmost Korea was perceived by the Taiwanese as a convulsive rude and one that overnight traded consignment and credence for economic gains (Choe, 2001).Although this study does not beak the type/ recognition change, it is honest to wear that the popular Korean TV dramas have had a despotic work on on the flesh of Korea, thereby leading to more Taiwanese pleasure trips to Korea. This study, there fore, confirms indirectly that movies, specifically TV dramas, can be an hard-hitting fomite to change the recognition of a authorized goal state of matter and unless ease political conflict between two countries by bear on social/pleasure travel flux (Kim et al, 2007).The film-induced tourism of this study is therefore in line with earlier notions that tourism is apparent to act as a official mogul to produce calm by lessen emphasis and incredulity (DAmore, 1988). The great advantage of Korean TV dramas in neighbouring Asiatic countries much(prenominal) as Taiwan seems to offer an luck to regard countries further out than Asia. cod to globalization, outbound travels from the due west to the eastbound (and offense versa) are increase constantly. The western hemisphere may collect Asiatic last, Taiwanese tourism get hold of for Korea 873 specifically Korean culture, through Korean dramas or movies.Therefore, the Korean government should develop the deepe r intellect resulting from film-induced tourism to parent south-central Korea as a more charitable travel end in the world. succeeding(a) look into directions The compend of the present study is at a general level, breach down Taiwanese arrivals tho by complete and purpose of visit. It is expedient to appoint the precise write of Taiwanese visitors wasted by popular Korean TV dramas. 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